Links: rsync
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A Tutorial on Using rsync
Rsync is a wonderful little utility that's amazingly easy to set up on your machines. Rather than have a scripted FTP session, or some other form of file transfer script -- rsync copies only the diffs of files that have actually changed, compressed and through ssh if you want to for security. That's a mouthful -- but what it means is: * Diffs - Only actual changed pieces of files are transferred, rather than the whole file. This makes updates faster, especially over slower links like modems. FTP would transfer the entire file, even if only one byte changed. * Compression - The tiny pieces of diffs are then compressed on the fly, further saving you file transfer time and reducing the load on the network. * Secure Shell - The security concious of you out there would like this, and you should all be using it. The stream from rsync is passed through the ssh protocol to encrypt your session instead of rsh, which is also an option (and required if you don't use ssh - enable it in your /etc/inet.d and restart your inet daemon if you disabled it for security). Rsync is rather versatile as a backup/mirroring tool, offering many features above and beyond the above. I personally use it to synchronize Website trees from staging to production servers and to backup key areas of the filesystems both automatically through cron and by a CGI script. Here are some other key features of rsync:
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Easy Automated Snapshot-Style Backups with Linux and Rsync
This document describes a method for generating automatic rotating "snapshot"-style backups on a Unix-based system, with specific examples drawn from the author's GNU/Linux experience. Snapshot backups are a feature of some high-end industrial file servers; they create the illusion of multiple, full backups per day without the space or processing overhead. All of the snapshots are read-only, and are accessible directly by users as special system directories. It is often possible to store several hours, days, and even weeks' worth of snapshots with slightly more than 2x storage. This method, while not as space-efficient as some of the proprietary technologies (which, using special copy-on-write filesystems, can operate on slightly more than 1x storage), makes use of only standard file utilities and the common rsync program, which is installed by default on most Linux distributions. Properly configured, the method can also protect against hard disk failure, root compromises, or even back up a network of heterogeneous desktops automatically.
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Installing rsync on a windows machine
* Installation (Windows 95/98/NT4/2k/XP) * Running rsync (Windows 95/98/NT4) * Setting up ssh keys * Recovering files * Automating rsync * Running multiple rsyncs simultaneously * Excluding directories * Some "gotchas" in working with rsync under Windows * Merging filesets (e.g. laptop+desktop)
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Official rsync site
rsync is a file transfer program for Unix systems. rsync uses the "rsync algorithm" which provides a very fast method for bringing remote files into sync. It does this by sending just the differences in the files across the link, without requiring that both sets of files are present at one of the ends of the link beforehand. Some features of rsync include * can update whole directory trees and filesystems * optionally preserves symbolic links, hard links, file ownership, permissions, devices and times * requires no special privileges to install * internal pipelining reduces latency for multiple files * can use rsh, ssh or direct sockets as the transport * supports anonymous rsync which is ideal for mirroring
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rsync: A Backup Strategy for Modern Times
The use of hard drives for backups is outpacing other forms of backup media by a country mile. The largest IDE drive available right now is 200 gigabytes (Western Digital's Drivezilla, which gets my vote for best name). Tape backup has valiantly attempted to keep pace. Tape autoloaders, holding up to 1.4 terabytes, and 100/200 gigabyte capacity tapes, are some of the modern tape storage options.
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Snapshot backup using rsync and ssh
Mike Rubel's technique for making snapshot backups pulls data from the source copy to the backup copy using rsync. This works great when the source copy is always available to the backup machine. When backing up an infrequently connected laptop to another machine, it's more convenient to push the data from the laptop to the backup machine on demand. This is easily done by wrapping the remote rsync command with a script containing the snapshot logic.
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Using RSYNC in Data Backup Solution
I needed to use RSYNC outside of Nterprise Branch Office for a data backup solution, so that I no longer would need to perform tape backups at remote office locations. Here is my solution. The data is copied daily using rsync from a remote server to a central office server, which is then centrally backed up to tape. My Central Office server runs NW6.5 with the RSYNC component installed. My remote office server has rsync v.2.6.2, downloaded from the Novell developer site.
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